Consensus Definitions of NORSE and FIRES — Epilepsia 2018

Summary:

This foundational paper published in Epilepsia in 2018 presents the internationally agreed-upon consensus definitions for New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) and its subtype Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES). Establishing a common language around these rare and complex conditions has been critical in improving diagnosis, research, and treatment approaches worldwide.

Reference:

Hirsch LJ, Gaspard N, van Baalen A, Nabbout R, Demeret S, Loddenkemper T, Navarro V, Specchio N, Lagae L, Rossetti AO, Hocker S, Gofton TE, Abend NS, Gilmore EJ, Hahn C, Khosravani H, Rosenow F, Trinka E. Proposed consensus definitions for new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), and related conditions. Epilepsia. 2018 Apr;59(4):739-744. doi: 10.1111/epi.14016. Epub 2018 Feb 5. PMID: 29399791.

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Proposed Consensus Definitions of NORSE and FIRES — Epilepsia 2018

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International Treatment Recommendations for NORSE and FIRES (Epilepsia, 2022)

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NORSE Scientific Symposium Recording – Early Recognition, Treatment & Communication of NORSE/FIRES (June 2025)